So what do we mean when we say “intention”?  Can we determine what what an artist meant in her or his work?  Is it important to know what the artist meant?  Is it more (or less) important to understand what contemporary viewers understood of a work?  For Michelangelo, the Sistine Chapel ceiling was literally a pain in the neck (see his poetry and drawings).  Was it more?  Or do we want it to be more?